Plural		Dual		Singular
نُقابِلُ	نَحْنَ	تُقابِلانِ	أنتُما	أُقابِلُ	أنا
تُقابِلونَ	أنتُم	يُقابِلانِ	هما (m)	تُقابِلُ	أنتَ
تُقابِلْنَ	أنتُنَّ	تُقابِلانِ	هما (f)	تُقابِلينَ	أنتِ
يُقابِلونَ	هم			يُقابِلُ	هو
يُقابِلْنَ	هنَّ			تُقابِلُ	هي

You should see that the vowel on the prefix is always a dhamma and that the stem vowel is always a kasra. This is the same as for Form II verbs.

The jussive and the subjunctive are the same for Form III as for all other forms. Therefore I am not going to list them here.

The command conjugations for Form III are also similar to those for Form III. We take the jussive and then drop the prefix. We are left with a word beginning with a consonant and followed by a vowel, so We already have the command and do not need a command prefix. For example, for أنتَ the jussive is تُقابِلْ . We drop تُ the and are left with قابِلْ which is the command. Here are the command conjugations for Form III.

 

Command	Pronoun
قابِلْ	أنتَ
قابِلي	أنتِ
قابِلا	أنتما
قابِلوا	انتم
قابِلْنَ	انتنَّ

 

The active participle is of the pattern مُفاعل as in مُقابل . The passive participle is مُفاعَل as in مُقابَل. The primary verbal noun pattern is مُفاعَلة as in مُقابَلة. A secondary verbal noun pattern is discussed below.

 

Hollow Verbs

Hollow verbs in Form III are regular just like those in Form II. If the middle radical is a و, it will appear as a strong consonant. The verb حَاوَلَ. is an example. The same is true for the ي , as in the verb عايَنَ Just as in Form II, there is never any shortening of the middle radical.

 

Assimilated Verbs

Assimilated verbs in Form III are regular in every way. The و never disappears. For example واصل ,يواصل.

 

Doubled Verbs

Doubled verbs are extremely rare in Form III and will not be treated in this book.

 

Defective Verbs

Defective verbs in Form III work just as their counterparts do in Form II. There is only one way to conjugate them in the perfect, and only one way in each of the imperfect moods, just like Form II. Below is the verb ينادي , نادى meaning “to call,” conjugated for the past tense and the imperfect indicative.

 

Past Tense

نادَيْنَ

Plural		Dual		Singular
نادَيْنا	نَحْنَ	نادَيْتُما	أنتُما	نادَيْتُ	أنا
نادَيْتُم	أنتُم	نادَيا	هما (m)	نادَيْتَ	أنتَ
نادَيْتُنَّ	أنتُنَّ	نادَيتا	هما (f)	نادَيْتِ	أنتِ
نادَوا	هم			نادَى	هو
هنَّ			نادَتْ	هي

 

Commands

Command	Pronoun
نادِ	أنتَ
نادي	أنتِ
نادِيا	أنتما
نادوا	انتم
نادينَ	انتنَّ

 

The verbal noun of نادى is مُناداة.

The active participle is مُنادٍ and the passive participle is مُناديّ . These are just the same as in Form II.

 

Notes on Form III

Form III verbs are transitive and often express the attempt to do the action described by the Form I root. Thus, قاتَلَ means “to fight” from the root قتل mean “to kill.” Note that the verb حَاوَلَ means “to attempt.”

Many Form III verbs involve doing the action described by the Form I verb directly to some one else. For example, كاتَبَ means “to correspond with someone,” from the root كتب meaning “to write.” شارك means “to participate with someone” in the doing of something, from the root شرك meaning “to share” with someone or “to become a partner with someone.”

 

Form III verbs also have a secondary verbal noun pattern. The pattern is فِعال and sometimes exists side by side with the primary pattern given above. Sometimes this secondary pattern is preferred or even the only one used. Sometimes the two verbal nouns have different meanings, but usually this is not the case. Here are some common verbs for which the secondary pattern of the verbal noun is often used.

 

Verbal Noun	Meaning	Verb
كِفاح	to struggle	كافَحَ
جِهاد	to struggle	جاهَدَ
قِتال	to fught	قاتَلَ
نِداء	to call	نادى
نِضال	to struggle	ناضَلَ
صِراع	to struggle	صارَعَ

 

These verbs also have the primary pattern for their verbal nouns. You will see both patterns. In case you are interested, جِهاد is the term you often hear translated as “holy war” by the news media, and indeed it does sometimes have that meaning as a technical term in Islamic studies. However, since it is against Federal Communications Commission regulations for newscasters ever to pronounce an Arabic word correctly, you have probably heard the word pronounced something like “jeeehad,” as in heehaw.

You have now studied Forms I-III. You are actually getting close to learning all 10 forms, since, as you see, the derived forms are much easier to master than Form I. The following exercise will drill you on Form III as well as on Forms I and II. Pay careful attention to the context. Since nothing will be voweled, Forms I and II will often look the same. Form III verbs, because of the alif, should stand out and be easily recognized. I will talk more about context in Chapter 4 and again later in this text.

 

After you do drill 32, go on to the next section of this chapter. PAY CAREFUL ATTENTION TO THE NEXT SECTION. It will give you the only conjugations for Arabic verbs which you have not yet had, the conjugations for the passive voice.